FESE | 前沿研究:城市污泥處理中病原微生物的滅活與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制研究綜述 |
論文標(biāo)題:Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review(城市污泥處理中病原微生物的滅活與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制研究綜述)
期刊:Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
作者:Mengtian Li, Ge Song, Ruiping Liu, Xia Huang, Huijuan Liu
發(fā)表時(shí)間:15 Jun 2022
DOI:10.1007/s11783-021-1504-5
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https://journal.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s1178-021-1504-5
文章出版:Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2022, 16(6): 70
原文信息
題目:
Inactivation and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in municipal sludge treatment: A review
作者:
Mengtian Li1,2, Ge Song1,2, Ruiping Liu ()3, Xia Huang3, Huijuan Liu3
作者單位:
1 Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
3 Tsinghua University, China
通訊作者郵箱:
rpliu@tsinghua.edu.cn
關(guān)鍵詞:
Sludge treatment (污泥處理);
Pathogenic microorganisms (病原微生物);
Inactivation mechanisms (滅活機(jī)理);
Exposure risks (暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn));
Land application (土地利用)
文章亮點(diǎn)
• 污泥中病原微生物的多樣性及檢測方法;
• 污泥處理工藝對(duì)病原微生物的控制性能;
• 污泥處理和土地利用中的病原體暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
文章簡介
2019新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的爆發(fā),引發(fā)了人們對(duì)人類病原體及其對(duì)公共衛(wèi)生安全的重大威脅的關(guān)注。公共衛(wèi)生和健康設(shè)施中人類病原體的監(jiān)測和控制具有重要意義。污泥是污水處理廠中含有人畜糞便的污水的不可避免的副產(chǎn)品。它是各種污染物和病原體的重要匯,污泥的適當(dāng)處理和處置對(duì)于最大限度地減少對(duì)環(huán)境和公眾健康的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)非常重要。然而,目前對(duì)污泥中病原微生物的多樣性、暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、評(píng)價(jià)方法和滅活技術(shù)缺乏全面的分析。
基于此,本文總結(jié)了堆肥、厭氧消化、好氧消化和微波輻照等不同污泥處理技術(shù)對(duì)腸道病毒、沙門氏菌和大腸桿菌等病原微生物的控制效果,并討論了污泥處理過程中病原微生物失活的機(jī)理;綜述了污泥中病原微生物的多樣性、檢測方法和暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn);還討論了污泥資源化過程中病原微生物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的定量評(píng)估,對(duì)優(yōu)化污泥處理處置以控制病原微生物具有實(shí)際價(jià)值。
遺憾的是,對(duì)于污泥中非常規(guī)病原體(如一些非包膜病毒)的檢測方法、發(fā)生、存活、轉(zhuǎn)移和感染,仍然缺乏足夠的研究,這限制了我們提出有效的策略來避免在這一大流行時(shí)期的感染。針對(duì)城市污泥中病原微生物的控制,仍有許多科學(xué)問題需要更深入的研究。
(1)盡管大多數(shù)污泥處理工藝可以通過不同的機(jī)制(如高溫、極端pH值和微生物競爭)滅活指示病原體,但仍建議將聯(lián)合處理工藝作為提高控制性能的策略。
(2)結(jié)合基礎(chǔ)研究、現(xiàn)場調(diào)查和理論建模,更新指導(dǎo)方針和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以規(guī)范污泥的處理和處置。
(3)未來,為了建立更全面、更可靠的定量評(píng)估模型,需要將病原體的種類和濃度、暴露途徑和劑量反應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合起來。
文章摘要圖
編委點(diǎn)評(píng)
城市污泥中含有包含病原體在內(nèi)的多種污染物,是污水處理廠中病原微生物的主要“匯”,也是環(huán)境中病原微生物的“源”。但是,由于污泥中含有大量有機(jī)質(zhì)和氮磷營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),污泥資源化已是大勢所趨。因此,污泥中病原微生物的滅活和控制便尤為重要。本研究系統(tǒng)綜述了城市污泥中病原微生物的檢測、多樣性和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn),重點(diǎn)闡述了不同污泥處理工藝滅活病原微生物的特性和機(jī)理,并對(duì)未來的研究提出了展望。
編者| 鄧子祺
點(diǎn)評(píng)| 程榮
致 謝
程榮,中國人民大學(xué)副教授,F(xiàn)ESE青年編委。研究方向?yàn)榄h(huán)境公共衛(wèi)生、水污染控制、環(huán)境功能材料,主持國家自然科學(xué)基金等項(xiàng)目,在Water Res., J. Hazard. Mater.等雜志發(fā)表SCI論文50余篇。個(gè)人主頁:
https://envi.ruc.edu.cn/index/index/teacher_detail/id/24/cid/29.html
鄧子祺,男,23歲,中國人民大學(xué)環(huán)境學(xué)院2020級(jí)環(huán)境科學(xué)專業(yè)碩士生,導(dǎo)師為程榮副教授,研究方向?yàn)槲⑸餁馊苣z。
摘要
The rapid global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has promoted concern over human pathogens and their significant threats to public health security. The monitoring and control of human pathogens in public sanitation and health facilities are of great importance. Excessive sludge is an inevitable byproduct of sewage that contains human and animal feces in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It is an important sink of different pollutants and pathogens, and the proper treatment and disposal of sludge are important to minimize potential risks to the environment and public health. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the diversity, exposure risks, assessment methods and inactivation techniques of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge. Based on this consideration, this review summarizes the control performance of pathogenic microorganisms such as enterovirus, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli by different sludge treatment technologies, including composting, anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and microwave irradiation, and the mechanisms of pathogenic microorganism inactivation in sludge treatment processes are discussed. Additionally, this study reviews the diversity, detection methods, and exposure risks of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge. This review advances the quantitative assessment of pathogenic microorganism risks involved in sludge reuse and is practically valuable to optimize the treatment and disposal of sludge for pathogenic microorganism control.