城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠消毒設(shè)施運(yùn)行調(diào)研與優(yōu)化策略
- Title:
- Investigation and Optimization Strategies on the Operation of Disinfection Facilities in Municipal WWTPs
- 關(guān)鍵詞:
- font-size: 10pt; ">城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠; 消毒; 次氯酸鈉; 余氯; 糞大腸菌群
- 摘要:
-
我國(guó)《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB 18918—2002）將糞大腸菌群數(shù)列為出水基本控制指標(biāo)之一，要求污水處理過程中必須進(jìn)行消毒，以降低病原微生物對(duì)人畜產(chǎn)生的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。為了解污水處理消毒設(shè)施運(yùn)行的效果，對(duì)全國(guó)56座城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠進(jìn)行了調(diào)研，分析了消毒單元存在的問題并提出應(yīng)對(duì)措施。調(diào)研結(jié)果表明，采用次氯酸鈉和二氧化氯作為消毒劑的污水處理廠數(shù)量占調(diào)研總量的91.6%。次氯酸鈉和二氧化氯消毒的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于持久性效果較好以及運(yùn)行管理相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單。但調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)顯示，72%的污水處理廠有效氯投加量為1~4 mg/L，14%的污水處理廠有效氯投加量過高，超過了6 mg/L；消毒接觸時(shí)間≥30 min的污水處理廠僅占43%，消毒接觸時(shí)間≤10 min和≤2 min的污水處理廠分別占28%和17%；此外，50%的污水處理廠未對(duì)消毒后的總余氯含量進(jìn)行測(cè)試，在已檢測(cè)該指標(biāo)的污水處理廠中，總余氯濃度≥0.20 mg/L的占70%。針對(duì)調(diào)研中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題，結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道以及試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，提出了污水處理廠消毒設(shè)施優(yōu)化運(yùn)行建議，并展望了未來的主要研究方向，以期為城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠更合理地設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)行消毒設(shè)施提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。
- Abstract:
-
Since fecal coliform is one of the basic effluent control indexes in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002), disinfection is required as part of the wastewater treatment process to reduce the risk of pathogenic microorganism on human and animal health. A total of 56 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated in this study to analyze the operation effect of disinfection facilities. Disinfection unit problems are summarized and countermeasures are proposed. The results of this study show that 91.6% of municipal WWTPs use sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide as disinfectants which have the advantages of enhanced durability,relatively simple operation, and management. Results also show that effective chlorine dosage was between 1 mg/L and 4 mg/L in 72% of WWTPs, rising to over 6 mg/L in 14% of plants. Data show that 43% of WWTPs had more than 30 minutes disinfection contact time while 28% and 17% had contact times less than ten minutes and two minutes, respectively. In addition, 50% of WWTPs did not test total residual chlorine after disinfection; and this concentration was higher than 0.20 mg/L in 70% of tested plants. In view of the issues revealed by this study, a number of suggestions for the optimal operation of WWTP disinfection facilities are proposed based on the literature and new experiment data. Future research directions are also proposed in order to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the design and operation of municipal WWTP disinfection facilities.
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