SFD高壓帶式深度脫水技術在有機改性劑條件下提升污泥集中干化焚燒效率的典型案例
陳良才 張偉文 潘濤
(上海凌逍環(huán)?萍加邢薰,上海 200000)
摘要: 高壓帶式深度脫水技術作為一種高效且經(jīng)濟的機械脫水方法,近年來在污泥的深度脫水減量中得到了廣泛應用。SFD立式高壓帶式深度脫水技術以含水率80%污泥為直接處理對象,可根據(jù)后續(xù)處理處置環(huán)節(jié)(如干化、焚燒、好氧發(fā)酵等)的需求,采用針對性的污泥改性路線實現(xiàn)不同的污泥含水率目標,適用于大規(guī)模污泥集中處置項目。典型大規(guī)模污泥集中處置案例表明,在投加中性有機改性劑、不改變污泥性質(zhì)的條件下(即不改變污泥的pH,過程中不增加硫酸根和氯離子),將SFD立式高壓帶式深度脫水技術作為干化-焚燒系統(tǒng)的預處理,提升污泥低位熱值后再進行干化-焚燒處理,不僅有助于實現(xiàn)整體系統(tǒng)的熱平衡、有效降低干化系統(tǒng)規(guī)模,還可以在一定程度上提高污泥干化系統(tǒng)的運行效率及穩(wěn)定性,從而降低項目的整體投資和運行費用。
關鍵詞:SFD立式高壓帶式脫水機;深度脫水;有機改性劑;干化焚燒
Typical Case of SFD High-pressure Belt Deep Dewatering Technology in the Presence of Organic Modifier Enhancing the Efficiency of Concentrated Drying and Incineration of Sludge
Liangcai Chen Weiwen Zhang Tao Pan
(Shanghai Lingxiao Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200000)
Abstract:High-pressure belt deep dewatering technology has emerged as an efficient and economical mechanical method for sludge dewatering in recent years. Specifically, the SFD vertical high-pressure belt deep dehydration technology targets sludge with an initial moisture content of 80%. This technology can be tailored to meet the requirements of subsequent treatment and disposal stages, such as drying, incineration, and aerobic fermentation, by employing targeted sludge modification routes to achieve various moisture content targets. This adaptability makes it particularly suitable for large-scale centralized sludge disposal projects. Notable cases of large-scale centralized sludge disposal demonstrate that when combined with the addition of a neutral organic modifier and without altering the sludge properties (i.e., maintaining sludge pH and preventing an increase in sulfate and chloride ions during the process), the SFD vertical high-pressure belt deep dewatering technology serves as an effective pretreatment step for the dry-incineration system. This pretreatment enhances the low calorific value of the sludge before dry incorporation, contributing to the thermal balance of the overall system and effectively reducing the scale of the drying system. Furthermore, it improves the operating efficiency and stability of the sludge drying system, ultimately leading to a reduction in the overall investment and operating costs of the project.
Key words:SFD vertical high-pressure belt dehydrator; deep dewatering; organic modifier; dry incineration
據(jù)《2021年城鄉(xiāng)建設統(tǒng)計年鑒》統(tǒng)計,截至2021年年末,我國城市建成污水處理廠2827座,處理能力20767.22萬立方米/日,產(chǎn)生含水率80%的污泥約6000萬噸(產(chǎn)泥量按污水量的0.5~1‰計),預計2025年我國污泥年產(chǎn)量將突破9000萬噸。近年來,為推進實現(xiàn)污泥處理處置節(jié)能降碳,在確保污泥穩(wěn)定化、無害化處置的前提下,逐步縮減污泥填埋的規(guī)模,積極采用資源化利用等替代處理方案。具體實踐中,可利用垃圾焚燒廠、火力發(fā)電廠、水泥窯等現(xiàn)有設施的處理能力,協(xié)同進行污泥焚燒處置,當污泥單獨進行焚燒時,鼓勵采用干化與焚燒聯(lián)用的方式,并引入高效節(jié)能設備及余熱利用技術,以提升污泥熱能的利用效率[1]。
鑒于污泥處置以焚燒作為主要的方向,且我國存量污水處理廠污泥脫水后含水率基本以80%為主,污泥有機質(zhì)含量總體偏低,即熱值偏低,直接進行污泥焚燒會增加污泥焚燒過程的運行成本,因此需對存量市場污泥作進一步減量,提高其燃燒熱值,實現(xiàn)降本增效。
污泥減量主要包括機械脫水和干化兩種方式,高壓帶式脫水與傳統(tǒng)帶式脫水機原理相同,通過雙層濾帶夾帶污泥濾餅在壓榨輥表面形成徑向壓力和切向剪切力,對污泥濾餅實施二維作用力下的脫水,一般有效壓榨時間小于90s,屬于高效、經(jīng)濟的污泥機械脫水技術[2]。干化則是通過輸入熱能將液態(tài)水轉化為氣態(tài)水,以達到更好的減量效果。然而干化工藝工程投資和運行費用均較高,為在提高污泥減量率的同時降低投資及運行費用,將投資較低的機械深度脫水工藝和減量效果更好的干化工藝組合使用,通過深度脫水提高污泥(低位)熱值,從而實現(xiàn)脫水-干化-焚燒的能量平衡,是國內(nèi)污泥減量工藝的重要發(fā)展方向之一[3]。
高壓帶式深度脫水很好的保持了機械脫水污泥減量的技術優(yōu)勢,例如某污泥從80%含水率降低至50%-70%,其減量率可以達到30%-60%,減量效果顯著。但在過往的高壓帶式深度脫水處理過程中,需添加無機改性劑(聚合硫酸鐵、聚合氯化鋁、氯化鐵等)對污泥進行調(diào)理,使其在污泥焚燒處置的路徑中增加了硫酸根、氯離子等物質(zhì),增加了堿液的投加量和污泥焚燒中脫硫的處置成本。上海凌逍環(huán)?萍加邢薰自主研發(fā)的有機改性劑能夠有效替代傳統(tǒng)的無機改性劑,即保留了污泥深度減量的優(yōu)勢,也避免了硫酸根、氯離子、酸性物質(zhì)等,提升整個脫水-干化-焚燒的效率的同時,實現(xiàn)整個污泥處理處置的降本增效。