濾磚演進歷史以及在工程應用中的優(yōu)化

王敦寶

（達沃科環(huán)境（上海）有限公司，上海）

摘要 隨著污水排放標準逐步提高，污水處理的難度也逐漸提升，對二級生物處理工藝穩(wěn)定性的考驗日漸加劇，導致很多水廠開始考慮增加三級處理工藝來提高出水的穩(wěn)定性，而眾多三級處理工藝中，各種濾池歷經(jīng)時間的考驗占有一席之地。濾磚作為濾池的核心組件，相較于濾板濾頭等其它種類的承托/布水布氣裝置，具有一系列天然優(yōu)勢。本文簡要介紹了濾磚的演化歷史，對比了不同時期濾磚結構設計的區(qū)別，總結了濾磚隨著新材料的應用以及工程經(jīng)驗積累而產(chǎn)生的變化。本文可以為濾磚的選型和創(chuàng)新提供參考。

關鍵詞 濾池；濾磚；盤式；S型；布水布氣

Evolution History of Underdrain Blocks and Optimization in Engineering Applications

Wang, Dun bao

(Davco Environment (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai)

Abstract With the gradual improvement of sewage discharge standards, the difficulty of sewage treatment has gradually increased, and the test of the stability of the secondary biological treatment process has become increasingly intensified. As a result, many water plants have begun to consider adding tertiary treatment processes to improve the stability of the effluent, and many tertiary treatment processes have become increasingly difficult. In the first-level treatment process, various filters have a place that has stood the test of time. As the core component of the filter, filter bricks have a series of natural advantages compared to other types of support/water and gas distribution devices such as filter plates and filter heads. This article briefly introduces the evolution history of filter bricks, compares the differences in structural design of filter bricks in different periods, and summarizes the changes in filter bricks with the application of new materials and the accumulation of engineering experience. This article can provide reference for the selection and innovation of filter bricks.

Keywords filter, underdrain block, disc type, S-type, water and gas distribution.

1. 背景

伴隨第二次工業(yè)革命的到來，各行各業(yè)飛速發(fā)展，與此同時產(chǎn)生的水污染問題逐漸被人們所重視。20世紀中葉開始，反硝化濾池作為脫氮反應器從美國興起，因其具有經(jīng)濟性、穩(wěn)定性、高效率的特點廣受推崇。時至今日，在技術革新的推動下產(chǎn)品也完成了一次次的迭代。從系統(tǒng)設計到硬件設計，每一環(huán)都深刻影響著濾池的好與壞。今天給大家介紹的是反硝化深床濾池系統(tǒng)核心模塊之一：濾磚。

2. 內(nèi)充混凝土濾磚的演變

以濾池結構為例分析，濾磚鋪設于池底，其上方為承托層及濾料層，這對濾磚的承重性能提出了較高的要求。早期濾磚以混凝土澆筑或燒制為主，制作時對誤差的控制有限，因此良品率較低；運輸過程中發(fā)生磕碰等也會影響交付，以至于要保有備件從而增加成本。20世紀90年代濾磚被套上外殼，雖然濾磚之間沒有互鎖穩(wěn)定裝置，但其薄殼結構仍起到承重與圍護作用。后來的改良濾磚在長邊側加上互鎖卡扣并沿用至今。